Data Policy

1) Information about the collection of personal data and contact details of the responsible person.
1.1 We are pleased that you are visiting our website and thank you for your interest. In the following, we inform you about the handling of your personal data when using our website. Personal data in this context is all data with which you can be personally identified.
1.2 The person responsible for data processing on this website within the meaning of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is Ethiconomy Services GmbH, Brandshofer Deich 68, 20539 Hamburg, Germany, Tel.: 040 75 24 7531, e-mail: make@bedda-world.com. The controller is the natural or legal person who alone or jointly with others determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data.
1.3 The data controller has appointed a data protection officer, who can be reached as follows: “Dirk Janthur, Datenschutzberatung Janthur GmbH Hedelfinger Straße 12 73734 Esslingen Tel. no.: +49 711 71530104 dirk.janthur@janthur.net”.
1.4 This website uses SSL or TLS encryption for security reasons and to protect the transmission of personal data and other confidential content (e.g. orders or inquiries to the person responsible). You can recognize an encrypted connection by the string “https://” and the lock symbol in your browser line.

2) Data collection when visiting our website
During the mere informational use of our website, i.e. if you do not register or otherwise transmit information to us, we only collect data that your browser transmits to our server (so-called “server log files”). When you visit our website, we collect the following data, which is technically necessary for us to display the website to you:
– Our visited website
– Date and time at the time of access
– Amount of data sent in bytes
– Source/reference from which you reached the page
– Browser used
– Operating system used
– IP address used (if applicable: in anonymized form)
The processing is carried out in accordance with Art. 6 para. 1 lit. f DSGVO on the basis of our legitimate interest in improving the stability and functionality of our website. The data is not passed on or used in any other way. However, we reserve the right to check the server log files retrospectively should concrete indications point to illegal use.

3) Cookies
In order to make visiting our website more attractive and to enable the use of certain functions, we use so-called cookies on various pages. These are small text files that are stored on your terminal device. Some of the cookies we use are deleted after the end of the browser session, i.e. after you close your browser (so-called session cookies). Other cookies remain on your end device and enable us or our partner companies (third-party cookies) to recognize your browser on your next visit (persistent cookies). If cookies are set, they collect and process certain user information such as browser and location data and IP address values to an individual extent. Persistent cookies are automatically deleted after a specified period of time, which may vary depending on the cookie.
If personal data is also processed by individual cookies implemented by us, the processing is carried out in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. b DSGVO either for the performance of the contract or in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. f DSGVO to protect our legitimate interests in the best possible functionality of the website as well as a customer-friendly and effective design of the site visit.
We may work together with advertising partners who help us to make our internet offer more interesting for you. For this purpose, cookies from partner companies are also stored on your hard drive when you visit our website (third-party cookies). If we cooperate with aforementioned advertising partners, you will be informed individually and separately about the use of such cookies and the scope of the information collected in each case within the paragraphs below.
Please note that you can set your browser so that you are informed about the setting of cookies and can decide individually about their acceptance or exclude the acceptance of cookies for certain cases or in general. Each browser differs in the way it manages cookie settings. This is described in the help menu of each browser, which explains how you can change your cookie settings. You can find this for each browser at the following links:
Internet Explorer: http://windows.microsoft.com/de-DE/windows-vista/Block-or-allow-cookies
Firefox: https://support.mozilla.org/de/kb/cookies-erlauben-und-ablehnen
Chrome: http://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=de&hlrm=en&answer=95647
Safari: https://support.apple.com/de-de/guide/safari/sfri11471/mac
Opera: http://help.opera.com/Windows/10.20/de/cookies.html
Please note that if you do not accept cookies, the functionality of our website may be limited.

4) Contacting us
When contacting us (e.g. via contact form or e-mail), personal data is collected. Which data is collected in the case of using a contact form can be seen from the respective contact form. This data is stored and used exclusively for the purpose of responding to your request or for contacting you and the associated technical administration. The legal basis for the processing of this data is our legitimate interest in responding to your request in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. f DSGVO. If your contact aims at the conclusion of a contract, the additional legal basis for the processing is Art. 6 (1) lit. b DSGVO. Your data will be deleted after final processing of your request. This is the case if it can be inferred from the circumstances that the matter in question has been conclusively clarified and provided that there are no statutory retention obligations to the contrary.

5) Use of customer data for direct marketing purposes
5.1 Registration for our e-mail newsletter
If you register for our e-mail newsletter, we will send you regular information about our offers. The only mandatory data for sending the newsletter is your e-mail address. The provision of further data is voluntary and will be used to address you personally. For sending the newsletter we use the so-called double opt-in procedure. This means that we will only send you an e-mail newsletter after you have expressly confirmed that you consent to receiving newsletters. We will then send you a confirmation e-mail asking you to confirm that you wish to receive the newsletter in the future by clicking on an appropriate link.
By activating the confirmation link, you give us your consent for the use of your personal data in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. a DSGVO. When you register for the newsletter, we store your IP address entered by your Internet service provider (ISP) as well as the date and time of registration in order to be able to trace any possible misuse of your e-mail address at a later date. The data collected by us when you register for the newsletter will be used exclusively for the purpose of addressing you in an advertising manner by way of the newsletter. You can unsubscribe from the newsletter at any time via the link provided for this purpose in the newsletter or by sending a corresponding message to the person responsible mentioned at the beginning. After unsubscribing, your e-mail address will be deleted from our newsletter distribution list immediately, unless you have expressly consented to further use of your data or we reserve the right to use your data in a manner that goes beyond this, which is permitted by law and about which we inform you in this declaration.
5.2 – CleverPush
You can sign up to receive our push notifications. To send our push notifications, we use the dispatch service “CleverPush”, which is operated by CleverPush UG (haftungsbeschränkt), Tondernstr. 1, 22049 Hamburg, Germany (“CleverPush”). You will receive regular information about our offered goods via our push notifications.
To sign up, you must confirm your browser’s prompt to receive notifications. This process is documented and stored by CleverPush. This includes the storage of the login time as well as your browser ID or your device ID. The collection of this data is necessary so that we can trace the processes in case of abuse and therefore serves our legal protection. In order to show you the push notifications, CleverPush collects and processes your browser ID on our behalf, as well as your device ID in the case of mobile access.
By subscribing to our push notifications, you agree to receive them. The legal basis for the processing of your data after you have subscribed to our push notifications is Art. 6 (1) lit. a DSGVO if you have given your consent.
CleverPush also evaluates our push notifications statistically. CleverPush can thus recognize if and when our push notifications were displayed and clicked on by you.
You can revoke your consent to the storage and use of your personal data to receive our push notifications and the statistical collection described above at any time with effect for the future. For the purpose of revoking consent, you can change the setting provided for this purpose for receiving push notifications in your browser. If you use our push notifications on a desktop PC with the “Windows” operating system, you can also unsubscribe from our push notifications by right-clicking on the respective push notification in the setting that appears there.
Your data will be deleted as soon as it is no longer required to achieve the purpose for which it was collected. Accordingly, your data will be stored as long as the subscription to our push notifications is active. The following link explains the unsubscribe process in detail: https://cleverpush.com/faq

6) Online marketing
6.1 Facebook Pixel for the creation of Custom Audiences (with Cookie Consent Tool).
Within our online offer, the so-called “Facebook Pixel” of the social network Facebook is used, which is operated by Facebook Ireland Limited, 4 Grand Canal Quare, Dublin 2, Ireland (“Facebook”).
If a user clicks on an advertisement placed by us and played on Facebook, an addition is added to the URL of our linked page by Facebook Pixel. If our site allows data sharing with Facebook via Pixel, this URL parameter is inscribed in the user’s browser via a cookie that our linked site sets itself. This cookie is then read by Facebook Pixel and enables the data to be forwarded to Facebook.
With the help of the Facebook Pixel, it is possible for Facebook, on the one hand, to determine the visitors to our online offer as a target group for the display of advertisements (so-called “Facebook Ads”). Accordingly, we use the Facebook pixel to display the Facebook ads placed by us only to those Facebook users who have also shown an interest in our online offer or who have certain characteristics (e.g. interests in certain topics or products determined on the basis of the websites visited), which we transmit to Facebook (so-called “Custom Audiences”). With the help of the Facebook pixel, we also want to ensure that our Facebook ads correspond to the potential interest of users and do not have a harassing effect. This allows us to further evaluate the effectiveness of the Facebook ads for statistical and market research purposes by tracking whether users were redirected to our website after clicking on a Facebook ad (so-called “conversion”).
The data collected is anonymous for us, so it does not allow us to draw any conclusions about the identity of the users. However, the data is stored and processed by Facebook, so that a connection to the respective user profile is possible and Facebook can use the data for its own advertising purposes, in accordance with the Facebook Data Use Policy (https://www.facebook.com/about/privacy/). The data may enable Facebook as well as its partners to place advertisements on and outside of Facebook.
The data processing associated with the use of the Facebook Pixel will only take place with your express consent pursuant to Art. 6 (1) a DSGVO. You can revoke your consent at any time with effect for the future. To exercise your revocation, remove the check mark next to the setting for the “Facebook Pixel” in the “Cookie Consent Tool” embedded on the website.
6.2 – HubSpot
This website uses the services of HubSpot, a software-based marketing service of HubSpot Ireland Ltd, 2nd Floor 30 North Wall Quay, Dublin 1, Ireland.
With the help of Hubspot, various customer service and customer management services can be digitally synchronized and processed via a central user interface. For example, HubSpot enables the generation of leads, central e-mail and newsletter marketing, contact management via the classification of user groups with the help of CRM, and the management of contact forms.
To fulfill the various functions, HubSpot uses cookies, small text files that are stored locally in the cache of your web browser on your terminal device and enable an analysis of your use of the website by us. In doing so, the cookies collect certain information, such as the IP address, the location, the time of the page view, etc. Information collected by HubSpot is stored on HubSpot servers and analyzed on our behalf.
All processing described above, in particular the setting of cookies for reading out information on the end device used, will only be carried out if you have given us your express consent to do so in accordance with Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. a DSGVO. Without this consent, HubSpot will not be used during your visit to the site.
You can revoke your consent at any time with effect for the future. To exercise your revocation, please deactivate this service in the “Cookie Consent Tool” provided on the website.
Other legal bases for data processing that apply in the context of specific HubSpot services (such as the need for explicit consent pursuant to Art.6 (1) lit. a DSGVO when sending newsletters) remain unaffected.
We have concluded an order processing agreement with HubSpot, with which we oblige HubSpot to protect our customers’ data and not to pass it on to third parties.
You can obtain further information about Hubspot’s data protection policy at the following Internet address: https://legal.hubspot.com/de/datenschutz

7) Web analytics services
Google (Universal) Analytics without cookies
This website uses Google (Universal) Analytics, a web analytics service provided by Google Ireland Limited, Gordon House, 4 Barrow St, Dublin, D04 E5W5, Ireland (“Google”).
This website uses Google (Universal) Analytics exclusively without the use of cookies, which means that the service does not set cookies on your terminal device at any time.
Instead, the local memory of your browser is used to store an individual ID assigned by Google (Universal) Analytics, which enables an analysis of your use of the website. For this purpose, certain user information is processed via the ID.
The information generated by the ID about your use of this website (including the abbreviated IP address) is usually transmitted to a Google server and stored there; this may also involve transmission to the servers of Google LLC. in the USA.
This website uses Google (Universal) Analytics exclusively with the extension “_anonymizeIp()”, which ensures an anonymization of the IP address by shortening and excludes a direct personal reference. Through the extension, your IP address is shortened beforehand by Google within member states of the European Union or in other contracting states of the Agreement on the European Economic Area. Only in exceptional cases will the full IP address be transmitted to a server of Google LLC. In the USA and shortened there. On our behalf, Google will use this information for the purpose of evaluating your use of the website, compiling reports on website activity and providing other services relating to website activity and internet usage. In the process, the IP address transmitted by your browser as part of Google (Universal) Analytics will be merged with other data from Google.
Google Analytics also enables the creation of statistics with statements about age, gender and interests of site visitors on the basis of an evaluation of interest-based advertising and with the involvement of third-party information via a special function, the so-called “demographic characteristics”. This allows the definition and differentiation of user groups of the website for the purpose of targeting marketing measures. However, data records collected via the “demographic characteristics” cannot be assigned to a specific person.
All processing described above will only be carried out if you have given us your express consent to do so in accordance with Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. a DSGVO. Without this consent, Google Analytics will not be used during your visit to our website.
You can revoke your consent at any time with effect for the future. To exercise your revocation, you can download and install the browser plugin available at the following link:
https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout?hl=de
As an alternative to the browser plugin or within browsers on mobile devices, you can revoke your consent by clicking on the following link to set an opt-out cookie that will prevent collection by Google Analytics within this website in the future (this opt-out cookie only works in this browser and only for this domain. If you delete your cookies in this browser, you must click this link again):
Google Analytics opt-out
We have concluded an order processing agreement with Google for the use of Google Analytics, which obliges Google to protect the data of our site visitors and not to pass it on to third parties.
For the transfer of data from the EU to the USA, Google refers to so-called standard data protection clauses of the European Commission, which are intended to ensure compliance with the European level of data protection in the USA.
Further information on Google (Universal) Analytics can be found here: https://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=de&gl=de

8) Site functionalities
8.1 Use of YouTube videos
This website uses the YouTube embedding function to display and play videos from the provider “YouTube”, which belongs to Google Ireland Limited, Gordon House, 4 Barrow St, Dublin, D04 E5W5, Ireland (“Google”).
The extended data protection mode is used here, which, according to the provider, only triggers the storage of user information when the video(s) is/are played. If the playback of embedded YouTube videos is started, the provider “YouTube” uses cookies to collect information about user behavior. According to information from “YouTube”, these are used, among other things, to collect video statistics, to improve user-friendliness and to prevent abusive behavior. If you are logged into Google, your data is directly assigned to your account when you click on a video. If you do not want the assignment to your YouTube profile, you must log out before activating the button. You have the right to object to the creation of these user profiles, whereby you must contact YouTube to exercise this right. In the course of using YouTube, personal data may also be transmitted to the servers of Google LLC. USA.
Regardless of a playback of the embedded videos, a connection to the Google network is established each time this website is called up, which may trigger further data processing operations without our influence.
All processing described above, in particular the reading of information on the end device used via the tracking pixel, will only be carried out if you have given us your express consent to do so in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. a DSGVO. Without this consent, YouTube videos will not be used during your visit to the site.
You can revoke your consent at any time with effect for the future. To exercise your revocation, please deactivate this service in the “Cookie Consent Tool” provided on the website via alternative options communicated to you on the website.
For more information on data protection at “YouTube”, please refer to the YouTube Terms of Use at https://www.youtube.com/static?template=terms and Google’s privacy policy at https://www.google.de/intl/de/policies/privacy.
8.2 – Google Web Fonts
This site uses so-called web fonts provided by Google Ireland Limited, Gordon House, 4 Barrow St, Dublin, D04 E5W5, Ireland (“Google”) for the uniform display of fonts. When you call up a page, your browser loads the required web fonts into its browser cache in order to display texts and fonts correctly.
For this purpose, the browser you are using must connect to Google’s servers. This may also result in the transmission of personal data to the servers of Google LLC. in the USA. In this way, Google obtains knowledge that our website was accessed via your IP address. Google Web Fonts are used in the interest of a uniform and appealing presentation of our online offers. This represents a legitimate interest within the meaning of Art. 6 (1) lit. f DSGVO. If your browser does not support web fonts, a standard font will be used by your computer.
You can find more information on Google Web Fonts at https://developers.google.com/fonts/faq and in Google’s privacy policy: https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/

9) Tools and other
9.1 Cookie Consent Tool
This website uses a so-called “cookie consent tool” to obtain effective user consent for cookies and cookie-based applications that require consent. The “Cookie Consent Tool” is displayed to users in the form of an interactive user interface when they access the site, on which consent for certain cookies and/or cookie-based applications can be given by ticking the appropriate box. Through the use of the tool, all cookies/services requiring consent are only loaded if the respective user grants the corresponding consent by setting a check mark. This ensures that such cookies are only set on the respective user’s end device if consent has been granted.
The tool sets technically necessary cookies to save your cookie preferences. Personal user data is generally not processed in this context.
If, in individual cases, personal data (such as the IP address) is processed for the purpose of storing, assigning or logging cookie settings, this is done in accordance with Art. 6 (1) f DSGVO on the basis of our legitimate interest in legally compliant, user-specific and user-friendly consent management for cookies and thus in a legally compliant design of our website.
Further legal basis for the processing is Art. 6 para. 1 lit. c DSGVO. As the responsible party, we are subject to the legal obligation to make the use of technically unnecessary cookies dependent on the respective user consent.
Further information on the operator and the setting options of the cookie consent tool can be found directly in the corresponding user interface on our website.
9.2 – Google Maps
On our website, we use Google Maps (API) from Google Ireland Limited, Gordon House, 4 Barrow St, Dublin, D04 E5W5, Ireland (“Google”). Google Maps is a web service for displaying interactive (land) maps to visually display geographical information. By using this service, our location is shown to you and a possible approach is facilitated.
Information about your use of our website (such as your IP address) is transmitted to Google servers and stored there when you call up those sub-pages in which the Google Maps map is integrated. This information may also be transmitted to the servers of Google LLC. in the USA. This occurs regardless of whether Google provides a user account through which you are logged in or whether a user account exists. If you are logged in to Google, your data will be directly assigned to your account. If you do not want the assignment with your profile at Google, you must log out before activating the button. Google stores your data (even for users who are not logged in) as usage profiles and evaluates them. The collection, storage and evaluation are carried out in accordance with Art. 6 para. 1 lit. f DSGVO on the basis of Google’s legitimate interest in the insertion of personalized advertising, market research and / or the design of Google websites to meet the needs. You have the right to object to the creation of these user profiles, whereby you must contact Google to exercise this right. If you do not agree to the future transmission of your data to Google in the context of the use of Google Maps, you also have the option of completely deactivating the Google Maps web service by turning off the JavaScript application in your browser. Google Maps and thus also the map display on this website can then not be used.
You can view Google’s terms of use at https://www.google.de/intl/de/policies/terms/regional.html, the additional terms of use for Google Maps can be found at https://www.google.com/intl/de_US/help/terms_maps.html.
Detailed information on data protection in connection with the use of Google Maps can be found on the Google website (“Google Privacy Policy”): https://www.google.de/intl/de/policies/privacy/.
As far as legally required, we have obtained your consent pursuant to Art. 6 (1) lit. a DSGVO for the processing of your data as described above. You can revoke your consent at any time with effect for the future. To exercise your revocation, please follow the option described above to make an objection.

10) Rights of the data subject
10.1 The applicable data protection law grants you comprehensive data subject rights (rights of information and intervention) vis-à-vis the controller with regard to the processing of your personal data, which we inform you about below:
– Right to information pursuant to Art. 15 DSGVO: In particular, you have a right to information about your personal data processed by us, the processing purposes, the categories of personal data processed, the recipients or categories of recipients to whom your data have been or will be disclosed, the planned storage period and/or the criteria for determining the storage period, the existence of a right to rectification, erasure, restriction of processing, objection to processing, complaint to a supervisory authority, the origin of your data if it has not been collected from you by us, the existence of automated decision-making, including profiling, and, if applicable, meaningful information about the logic involved and the scope and intended effects of such processing that concern you, as well as your right to be informed about what guarantees exist in accordance with Art. 46 of the GDPR if your data is transferred to third countries;
– Right to rectification pursuant to Art. 16 DSGVO: You have the right to have any inaccurate data relating to you corrected without delay and/or to have any incomplete data stored by us completed;
– Right to deletion pursuant to Art. 17 DSGVO: You have the right to demand the deletion of your personal data if the requirements of Art. 17 (1) DSGVO are met. However, this right does not exist in particular if the processing is necessary for the exercise of the right to freedom of expression and information, for compliance with a legal obligation, for reasons of public interest or for the assertion, exercise or defense of legal claims;
– Right to restriction of processing pursuant to Art. 18 GDPR: You have the right to request the restriction of the processing of your personal data as long as the accuracy of your data, which you dispute, is being verified; if you refuse the erasure of your data due to unlawful data processing and instead request the restriction of the processing of your data; if you require your data for the assertion, exercise or defense of legal claims after we no longer need this data after the purpose has been achieved; or if you have lodged an objection for reasons relating to your particular situation as long as it has not yet been determined whether our legitimate grounds prevail;
– Right to information in accordance with Art. 19 DSGVO: If you have asserted the right to rectification, erasure or restriction of processing against the controller, the controller is obliged to inform all recipients to whom the personal data concerning you have been disclosed of this rectification or erasure of the data or restriction of processing, unless this proves impossible or involves a disproportionate effort. You have the right to be informed about these recipients.
– Right to data portability pursuant to Art. 20 DSGVO: You have the right to receive your personal data that you have provided to us in a structured, common and machine-readable format or to request that it be transferred to another controller, insofar as this is technically feasible;
– Right to revoke consent given in accordance with Art. 7 (3) DSGVO: You have the right to revoke consent to the processing of data once given at any time with effect for the future. In the event of revocation, we will immediately delete the data concerned, unless further processing can be based on a legal basis for processing without consent. The revocation of consent does not affect the lawfulness of the processing carried out on the basis of the consent until the revocation;
– Right to lodge a complaint pursuant to Art. 77 GDPR: If you consider that the processing of personal data concerning you infringes the GDPR, you have – without prejudice to any other administrative or judicial remedy – the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, in particular in the Member State of your residence, workplace or the place of the alleged infringement.
10.2 RIGHT OF OBJECTION
IF WE PROCESS YOUR PERSONAL DATA IN THE CONTEXT OF A BALANCING OF INTERESTS ON THE BASIS OF OUR OVERRIDING LEGITIMATE INTEREST, YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO OBJECT TO THIS PROCESSING WITH EFFECT FOR THE FUTURE AT ANY TIME FOR REASONS ARISING FROM YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION.
IF YOU EXERCISE YOUR RIGHT TO OBJECT, WE WILL STOP PROCESSING THE DATA CONCERNED. HOWEVER, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO CONTINUE PROCESSING IF WE CAN DEMONSTRATE COMPELLING LEGITIMATE GROUNDS FOR THE PROCESSING THAT OVERRIDE YOUR INTERESTS, FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS, OR IF THE PROCESSING IS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSERTING, EXERCISING OR DEFENDING LEGAL CLAIMS.
IF WE PROCESS YOUR PERSONAL DATA FOR THE PURPOSES OF DIRECT MARKETING, YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO OBJECT AT ANY TIME TO THE PROCESSING OF PERSONAL DATA CONCERNING YOU FOR THE PURPOSES OF SUCH MARKETING. YOU MAY EXERCISE THE OBJECTION AS DESCRIBED ABOVE.
IF YOU EXERCISE YOUR RIGHT TO OBJECT, WE WILL STOP PROCESSING THE DATA CONCERNED FOR DIRECT MARKETING PURPOSES.

11) Duration of storage of personal data
The duration of the storage of personal data is measured on the basis of the respective legal basis, the purpose of processing and – if relevant – additionally on the basis of the respective statutory retention period (e.g. retention periods under commercial and tax law).
When processing personal data on the basis of explicit consent pursuant to Art. 6 (1) a DSGVO, this data is stored until the data subject revokes his or her consent.
If there are statutory retention periods for data that is processed within the scope of legal or quasi-legal obligations on the basis of Art. 6 (1) (b) DSGVO, this data will be routinely deleted after the retention periods have expired, provided that it is no longer required for the fulfillment or initiation of a contract and/or there is no legitimate interest on our part to continue storing it.
When processing personal data on the basis of Art. 6(1)(f) DSGVO, this data is stored until the data subject exercises his or her right to object pursuant to Art. 21(1) DSGVO, unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject, or the processing serves to assert, exercise or defend legal claims.
When processing personal data for the purpose of direct marketing on the basis of Article 6 (1) (f) DSGVO, this data is stored until the data subject exercises his or her right to object pursuant to Article 21 (2) DSGVO.
Unless otherwise stated in the other information in this statement about specific processing situations, stored personal data will otherwise be deleted when it is no longer necessary for the purposes for which it was collected or otherwise processed.